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Monday, November 25, 2013

Macro: The Bottom Line (11/25/2013)

The Highlights:

  • Fed creates more commotion; but low rates are here to stay
  • China signals looser grip on the yuan
  • Iran nuclear deal - another blow for oil 
Fed creates more commotion; but low rates are here to stay: A week after Yellen's uber-dovish Senate testimony reassured markets, the Fed dropped another bombshell that sent dollar bears scrambling for cover for the n-th time this year. This time, it was the minutes from the FOMC's end-of-October meeting, which implied that tapering (i.e. a scaling-back of the Fed's monthly money printing) was just around the corner, and could even begin in December. Market observers, who had pushed back their projections for the start of tapering to March, were caught off guard. But before reading too much into this, let's step back and think about what tapering means. It merely slows the pace of the Fed's money printing, it doesn't reverse it. Even once the Fed stops printing, that doesn't mean its near-$4 trillion balance sheet will shrink. No, the Fed - especially under the leadership of a dove like Yellen - will not risk a still-sluggish economic recovery by tightening anytime soon. All the liquidity pumped into the markets over the past five years will stay, and the era of the ultra-low fed funds rate will continue. So don't come rushing back into the dollar!

China signals looser grip on the yuan: Early in the week, China's central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan was quoted as saying that the world's second-largest economy would "basically" end currency intervention, and that the case for stockpiling FX reserves is no longer as strong as before. What does this mean? Well, as a refresher on what China has been doing in the past: for years, due to perennial trade surpluses and capital inflows, dollars had been flowing into China en masse, putting upward pressure on the yuan. To counteract that, Zhou's People's Bank of China printed new yuan to soak up all those dollars coming into the country, thereby artificially weakening the RMB. Importantly, because a lot of the reserves were recycled into US Treasuries, it kept the US federal government's cost of borrowing at manageable levels. Now, with China trying to reform its economic model, Zhou appears to be hinting that China will at least ease up on the policy, allowing the yuan exchange rate to be more market-driven (read: appreciate even further). True, this could lead to some short-term pain for Chinese exporters, but they're not the ones who should be most worried. That distinction belongs to the congressional lawmakers and Mr. Obama halfway around the world in DC. Why? With the end of Chinese reserve accumulation, financing the US twin deficits has become that much harder.

Iran nuclear deal - another blow for oil: Over the weekend, the five UN Security Council members plus Germany reached what was hailed as a landmark agreement with Iran. After years of confrontation and hostility, an agreement came into being that would loosen sanctions on Iranian exports of precious metals, in return for the Islamic Republic restricting its uranium enrichment activities. While the agreement is modest in scope (and does little to free up Iranian oil exports to the West), it marks a remarkable change of tone between Iran's new moderate President Rouhani and the Western powers. Suddenly, the specter of war in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf has diminished (notwithstanding some saber-rattling from Israel). Speculation leading up the agreement had already put significant pressure on oil, with WTI crude falling below $95 during the week. Coupled with the Obama administration's backtracking from intervention in Syria, and the fracking boom in the US, the "perfect storm" for oil only looks set to continue for now.

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